“献礼二十大”· 乡村振兴这五年
在中国的乡村，春耕秋收，年复一年。当前，中国乡村全面完成脱贫攻坚，走向乡村振兴，农村百姓们的经济来源也从单一的农耕、养殖向多元化发展，产业振兴成为乡村振兴道路上的重要着力点。
In rural China, plowing takes place in spring and harvests are celebrated in autumn. The pattern goes on year after year. China’s rural areas have completed poverty alleviation and are moving toward the development of a new countryside. The income sources of rural people are diversifying from farming. Developing industries has become an important focus of rural revitalization.
产业振兴在于把种养业现代化
Revitalization by developing industries lies in farming modernization
艳阳高照的海南到处弥漫着果香，菠萝、芒果、咖啡......如今，农民们不仅在种植上动了脑筋，让科技助力农业，也在销路上找到了办法，通过“互联网+”的营销方式，这一大片的菠萝在还没丰收前就已经被预定了出去。种养业产销的现代化升级，让老百姓的腰包更鼓了，心也更踏实了。
The air of sunny island province of Hainan is filled with the fragrance of pineapple, mango and coffee... Nowadays, local farmers are not only seeking better planting, but also exploring ways to sell products by facilitating agriculture via technologies. Through online marketing, the large field of pineapple has been ordered before the harvest. The modernization and upgrading of farming industry’s production and marketing has enriched and assured local people.
产业振兴在于把乡土特色品牌化
Revitalization by developing industries centers on nurturing local brands
在湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州，绣娘们将“指尖技艺”变为“指尖经济”，几经改良，让苗绣走上产业化发展的道路，吸引越来越多的手工艺者参与其中，也形成了多个民族工艺合作社和苗绣基地，让绣娘们的人均年收入增加2.16万元。苗绣作为中国传统民族文化，实现了从手工艺到艺术品再到畅销商品的蜕变，也让中国农村妇女变身成为产业工人，农村发展道路开拓了新机遇。
In Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in central China’s Hunan Province, female embroiderers have turned the traditional craft into “fingertip economy”. After several improvements, Miao embroidery embarked on industrial development, attracting more and more craftswomen for participation. A number of ethnic craft cooperatives and Miao embroidery bases have been set up, which raised the per capita annual income of female embroiderers by 21,600 yuan. As a traditional Chinese ethnic culture, Miao embroidery has realized the transformation from handicrafts to artworks to best-selling commodities, and also turned Chinese rural women into industrial workers, creating new opportunities for rural development.
产业振兴在于把乡村旅游品质化
Revitalization by developing industries calls for upgrading rural tourism
天津市赵庄子村，曾是远近闻名的穷村，村民多靠打渔养鱼为生。守着绿水青山，赵庄子人转变思路，利用村里独有的自然资源，发展生态旅游产业。闲置的鱼塘被一个个打通，超过3000亩的水面连成一片，“曙光水镇”旅游景区便应运而生。景区实行现代化企业经营，农民、渔民“摇身一变”成为乡村旅游从业者，开始经营农家乐等相关产业。目前，赵庄子村休闲农业和乡村旅游年收入超过3000万元，共带动300多名村民就业。赵庄子人手里的这碗“生态饭”，让村民们从土坯房搬进了楼房，走上了乡村振兴的快车道。
Zhaozhuangzi Village in north China’s port city Tianjin was once a well-known poor village, with most villagers living by fishing and raising fish. After realizing the “gold mine” in the village, local villagers changed their thinking and leveraged the unique natural resources to develop eco-tourism industry. Idle fish ponds were connected to make a water expanse of more than 3,000 mu, creating a tourist scenic spot called Twilight Water Town. Modern enterprise management is carried out in the scenic spot, and farmers and fishermen have become rural tourism practitioners and started to operate farmhouse restaurants and offer other related services. The annual income of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Zhaozhuangzi Village exceeds 30 million yuan, offering over 300 new jobs. Eco-tourism has enabled villagers to move from adobe houses to apartments and embark on the fast lane of rural revitalization.
乡村振兴的意义是什么？是让老百姓富起来。如何才能让老百姓持续地富起来？根本是要把乡村产业发展起来。中国的乡村，地域不同、发展路径不同，但乡村振兴的目标和方向是一致的，那就是让老百姓的“钱袋子”真正地鼓起来。
What is the goal of rural revitalization? It is to make the ordinary people rich. How can the ordinary people stay rich? It is essential to develop rural industries. Rural areas in China may have different paths of development based on regional conditions, but the goal and direction of rural revitalization are the same, that is, to enrich the people.
乡村振兴，人才是关键。2022年“中央一号文件”提出，要全面推进乡村振兴，加强乡村振兴人才队伍建设，实施高素质农民培育计划、乡村产业振兴带头人培育“头雁”项目、乡村振兴青春建功行动、乡村振兴巾帼行动，为乡村振兴注入活力。
Talented people are key to China's rural revitalization. The first policy statement released by the country's central authorities in 2022 calls for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization by strengthening thecultivation of talents, implementing programs to nurture well-trained farmers and industrial pioneers, and rolling out campaigns to encourage young people and women to make contributions and inject vitality into the great cause.
各项政策首先吸引了很多人才返乡。在江西宜春市上石村，33岁的“特聘村官”易金禹利用无人机对秸秆禁烧等情况进行巡查，这位年轻人提高了农村基层的现代化治理水平，也为村干部队伍带来新活力。这得益于2020年当地专门出台的人才计划，鼓励大学生回原籍村任职。而在贵州省黔西南州兴义市，七舍镇积极探索拓宽选人渠道，汇聚各方面优秀专业人才——这也吸引了在外经商，想带领乡亲发展的钱丽。2021年，35岁的钱丽毅然返回家乡，当选村干部后，她深入群众听民情、访民意，一门心思投入到基层群众工作一线。
Related policies have lured many people back to their hometowns. In Shangshi Village, Yichun City, east China's Jiangxi Province, Yi Jinyu, a 33-year-old special-term village official, used drones to inspect straw burning. The young man has improved the level of modern governance at the grassroots level and brought new blood to the ranks of village officials. Yi's presence is made possible by a special talent plan launched in 2020 to encourage college students to return to their villages of origin to work. In Xingyi City, Qianxinan Buyi-Miao Autonomous Prefecture, southwest China's Guizhou Province, Qishe Town has explored and expanded the channels for selecting candidates to gather outstanding professionals in various fields, which has attracted Qian Li, who wants to help the local people for better life. In 2021, Qian decided to return to her hometown at the age of 35. After being elected as a village cadre, she earnestly solicited villagers'opinions and heeded their concerns, devoting herself to grassroots work.
除了吸引优秀人才返乡，将本土村民培育成材并在当地发展，也是重要路径。云南省鹤庆县素有“银都水乡”美誉，鹤庆银器业的蓬勃发展，离不开技能人才的支撑。这几年，鹤庆搭建人才成长的平台，制定方案鼓励本地知名匠人创新创业，引导高层次人才发挥“传帮带”作用。经济相对发达的江苏省，出台系列政策，培育农业农村科技创新人才和科技推广人才，并促成农业科技成果转化。江苏计划到2025年建设25个省级现代农业产业技术体系，打造150个创新团队。
In addition to attracting outstanding talents to return home, it is also an important way to cultivate talents locally. Heqing County in southwest China's Yunnan Province is a waterfront town known for its silverware, and the vigorous development of Heqing silverware industry cannot be separated from the support of skilled talents. In recent years, Heqing has set up a platform for talent development, formulated plans to encourage local skilled craftsmen to innovate and start businesses, and guided high-level talents to pass on their expertise. Jiangsu Province, which has a relatively developed economy, has issued a series of policies to cultivate scientific and technological innovation talents and promotion professionals in agriculture and rural affairs. Efforts have also been made to promote application of scientific and technological advances in the agricultural field. Jiangsu plans to build 25 provincial-level modern agricultural industrial technology mechanisms and 150 innovative teams by 2025.
乡村人才振兴，培育和吸引来的人才，还要“留得住”。习近平指出，“让愿意留在乡村、建设家乡的人留得安心，让愿意上山下乡、回报乡村的人更有信心”。天津市政协委员陈季敏建议，“要制定关于人才的优惠和扶持政策，为人才提供落户、居留、子女入学、社会保障等条件，支持有技能的城镇居民、科技人员、高校毕业生、退役军人等到农村发展，鼓励他们依靠科技发展生态循环农业和三产融合新业态。”现在很多地方也正在实施相关的举措。
Rural talents should be revitalized, cultivated and attracted, and retained. ChinesePresident Xi Jinping has called for efforts to let those who are willing to stay in the countryside and build their hometown stay at ease, and let those who are willing to go to the countryside and give back to the countryside have more confidence. Chen Jimin, member of Tianjin municipal political advisory body, suggested that preferential and supporting policies for talents should be made to address talents'concerns such as settlement, residence, children's school enrollment and social security. Skilled urban residents, scientific and technical personnel, college graduates, demobilized military personnel and other talents should enjoy support for dedicating themselves to rural development, and be encouraged to leverage science and technology to develop ecological recycling agriculture and new formats of integration of agriculture, industry and service. Such measures are being implemented in many places across China.
乡村振兴，离不开见识广、理念新的人才，如果没有人才的支撑，乡村振兴只能是一句空话。而乡村人才振兴的关键，就是要让更多人才愿意来、留得住、干得好、能出彩。
Rural revitalization cannot be separated from talents with wide knowledge and new ideas. Without the support of talents, rural revitalization can only be empty talk. The key to the revitalization of rural talents is to make more talents willing to come, stay, excel and shine.
“巫山民歌何其多，我的歌儿用船拖”。回荡在群山间的歌声，表达了重庆巫山县竹贤乡下庄村人对生活的美好期盼。
"So many folk songs are there in Wushan, I can sing so many songs that could fill the length of a ship." The song that echoes through the mountains expresses the wonderful life expectations of the people of Xiazhuang Village in Zhuxian Township, Wushan County, Chongqing.
巫山县的名字里有一个“山”字，确实巫山以山闻名。七年来，在村党支部书记毛相林的带领下，村民们在绝壁上凿出了一条长达8公里的“致富路”，实现小康生活。今天的中国，已进入全面建成小康社会后的新发展阶段，想要实现“到2035年，全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展” 的目标，坚持物质富裕和精神富裕相统一是必然要求。
Wushan County has the word "mountain" in its name, and indeed Wushan is famous for its mountains. Over the past seven years, under the leadership of Mao Xianglin, secretary of the village party branch, the villagers have carved out an 8-kilometre-long "Road to Prosperity" on the precipice to achieve a well-off life. Today, China has entered a new stage of development after the completion of a moderately prosperous society. If we want to achieve the goal of "achieving more obvious and substantial progress in the common prosperity of all the people by 2035", it is inevitable to insist on the unity of material and spiritual prosperity.
生活好起来的下庄村，如今还办起了热闹的“村晚”，将民俗文艺演出与直播带货相结合，既能传播乡村文化艺术，又能展现乡村的新面貌新生活。
The village of Xiazhuang, where life has improved, now also hosts a lively "village gala", combining folklore performances with live-streaming, which both spreads rural culture and art and shows the new face and life of the village.
脱贫致富离不开一双勤劳的手。在内蒙古自治区兴安盟科右中旗草原上，农牧民妇女正借助非遗技艺这双“翅膀”让民族手工艺得到振兴。
A pair of hard-working hands is essential to getting out of poverty and getting rich. In the grasslands of the Keyouzhong Banner of the Xing'an League in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, herdswomen are revitalizing their ethnic crafts with the help of the non-heritage skills.
“这是我的家，希望家乡一天比一天美好，希望这种传统文化能被更多人了解，也希望家乡的父老因这悠久的文化而变得更加自信。”“全国脱贫攻坚楷模”白晶莹带领蒙古族妇女居家就业，巧手致富，通过积极实践，将草原文化借助非遗技艺传播出去，从而又彰显了人民的“文化自信”。
"This is my home, and I hope that my hometown will become better and better every day, that this traditional culture will be better understood by more people, and my countryman will become more confident because of this long-standing culture." Bai Jingying, a national model in the fight against poverty, has led Mongolian women to work at home and become rich with their hands, and has actively practised spreading the culture of the grasslands through her non-heritage skills, thus demonstrating the "cultural confidence" of the people.
“红色文化”蕴含着激荡的革命精神和厚重的历史内涵。安徽省金寨县，地处大别山腹地，是红军的摇篮、将军的故乡，红色资源积淀深厚，也是中国著名绿茶“六安瓜片”的黄金产区。几年来，金寨大湾村探索出一条“红绿结合、茶旅融合”的发展道路。“山上种茶，家中迎客”，村民的日子很快红火了起来。
"The Culture in Red" contains a spirit and connotations, which arose from the stirring revolution and a long and heavy history. Jinzhai County in Anhui Province, located in the hinterland of the Dabie Mountains, is the cradle of the Red Army, the hometown of the generals, with a profound accumulation of red culture resources, and is also the prime production area of China's famous green tea "Lu An Guapian". Over the past few years, Dawan Villageof Jinzhai County has explored a way to development - combine red cultural resources with green tea resources. " Growing tea on the mountain, welcoming guests at home", the villagers soon became prosperous.
乡村文化振兴是特色社会主义文化振兴的重要组成部分，是乡村振兴战略实施的重要内容。这三个生动的乡村故事说明，乡村文化振兴可以通过结合当地特有资源与人民大众的智慧来实现。农民们通过乡村文化振兴，追求幸福生活，丰富文化生活，从而进一步增强文化自信。
The vitalization of rural culture is an important part of the vitalization of distinctive socialist culture and an important element in the implementation of the rural vitalization strategy. These three vivid rural stories illustrate that rural cultural vitalization can be achieved by combining unique local resources with the wisdom of the people at large. Through rural cultural vitalization, farmers pursue a happy life and enrich their cultural life, thus further enhancing their cultural confidence.
中国的乡村色彩是什么样的？是你印象里那古朴的红砖墙，还是沟壑崎岖的黄土地？改革开放以来，中国的乡村面貌可以说是脱胎换骨。绿水青山、生态宜居，本就是乡村面貌的底色，如今，乘着“乡村振兴”的快车，美丽乡村的生态振兴也有了更多可能性。尽管每个地区的生态保护举措各不相同，但联动起来就是“百姓富、生态美”的组合拳。
What is the color of China's countryside? Is it the simple red brick wall in many people's impressions, or the rugged yellow earth? Since 1978 when the reform and opening-up campaign started, it's fair to say that China's rural landscape has gone through a thorough transformation. A livable environment with lucid waters and lush mountains is the natural undertone of the rural landscape, which is seeing more possibilities thanks to the rural ecological revitalization driven by the fast development of rural revitalization. Different ecological protection measures are taken in each region, contributing to a toolkit of policies enriching the local people in ecologically-friendly manners.
综合治理：从“水土流失”到“山青水绿”
Systematical solutions turn barren land into ecological agricultural hub
贵州省遵义市湄潭县，是国家级水土流失重灾区，曾经严重缺水，交通不便，农户仅靠传统种植养殖来维持生计。湄潭县以小流域为单元，山、水、林、田、路统一规划，工程、植物和农业技术措施科学配置，实施水土流失综合治理。今天，湄潭县已形成以茶叶种植为主、地方特色产业相结合的农旅生态产业示范区，山变青了，水变绿了，湄潭县的老百姓变富了。
Meitan County in southwest China's Zunyi City, Guizhou Province is one of the country's worst areas affected by water loss and soil erosion. It once suffered severe water shortage and inconvenient transportation, where local farmers had no ways to make a living other than planting crops and raising livestock. By taking unified planning of mountains, water, forests, fields and roads in small drainage areas, the local government administered scientific allocation of engineering, plants and agricultural technology measures to systematically address water loss and soil erosion. Today, Meitan County has become an agricultural and tourism ecological demonstration area, with tea planting as the mainstay and local specialty industries as supporting pillars. The local environment is getting better and the local people are getting richer.
立体生态：从“革命种子”到“绿色循环”
Mixed cultivation nurtures revolution seeds of green recycling economy
江西省叶坪乡作为共和国的摇篮，依托老一辈留下的精神财富，大力开拓生态文明建设，以“生态立乡，产业富乡，旅游旺乡”为发展战略，形成万亩蔬菜、万亩脐橙、万亩白莲、十万生猪、百万蛋鸡的“五个万”基地。鼓励农民实施“以猪养菜，以菜养猪”和“以猪养果、以果养猪”的绿色循环方式，发展立体生态型产业。
Yeping Township in Ruijin City in southeast China's Jiangxi Province is known as the cradle of Chinese revolution. The township has built on the older generation's trail-blazing tradition and embarked on an ecologically-friendly development path. It's now home to some 700 hectares of vegetable, naval orange and white lotus as well as over 100,000 pigs and one million chickens. Local farmers are encouraged to develop recycling economy and ecologically-friendly mixed cultivation by combining agriculture and pig-raising.
美丽宜居：从“家庭四美”到“村容整洁”
Good personal housekeeping manners create a livable environment for all
广东省紫金县，从家庭中挖掘潜在力量，建立“1+10+100”的工作模式，即1名村干部联系督促10户家庭卫生，确保10户家庭卫生100%达到“四美”标准（字幕：居室整洁靓化美、物品堆放整齐美、房屋沟系畅通美、禽畜圈养行为美），让“家容整洁”从家庭责任上升到社会责任，从建设小家到服务大家，共建美丽家园。
Zijin County in south China's Guangdong Province tapped potential strength from families and established the “1+10+100” working mode, that is, one village cadre contacted 10 families to ensure that their houses are 100 percent neat in terms of clean rooms, orderly- stacked goods, unblocked ditch system and well-managed pens. Keeping one's house clean has transformed from a family responsibility to social responsibility, contributing to the building of a pleasant living environment for everyone.
生态振兴作为乡村振兴建设的重要支撑点，绝不在一朝一夕，需要从大方向到小细节的不断努力。在中国的大地上，每天都书写着不同的乡村振兴故事，点滴汇聚，才能将乡村振兴的蓝图一绘到底。
As an important pillar for rural revitalization, ecological revitalization cannot be achieved overnight and requires continuous efforts from the decision of general directions to the nailing down of small details. Every day in China, different efforts of rural revitalization are being made, which combined will finish the grand vision of rural revitalization.
中国的乡村振兴包括产业、人才、文化、生态、组织五个方面的全面振兴。这五个方面的振兴互为关联，相辅相成，其中，组织振兴是保障，是乡村振兴的“第一工程”，是新时代中国共产党领导农业农村工作的重大任务。
Rural revitalization in China includes comprehensive revitalization in five aspects: industries, talents, culture, ecology and organizations. These five aspects of revitalization are interrelated and complement each other, among which organizational revitalization is the guarantee, the top project of rural revitalization, and a major task for the Communist Party of China to manage agriculture and rural affairs in the new era.
农村基层党组织是党在农村所有工作的基础，是党联系广大农民群众的桥梁和纽带。贵州省遵义市红渡村，村民因村内发展问题产生分歧矛盾，党支部成员多次与村民谈心谈话，最终在基层党组织的带领下，红渡村民积极参与村子的建设，发展红色旅游，销售农特产品，走出一条乡村振兴的发展之路。
Rural grassroots CPC organizations are the basis of all the work of the Party in the countryside, and the bridge and bond of the Party to contact the masses of farmers. In Hongdu Village, Zunyi City, southwest China's Guizhou Province, the villagers had differences and contradictions over the development of the village. The members of the Party branch had many heart-to-heart talks with the villagers. Finally, under the leadership of the grass-roots CPC organization, the villagers of Hongdu actively participated in the construction of the village, developed red tourism, sold agricultural special products, and found a development road of rural revitalization.
农村专业合作经济组织是推进农业现代化、规模化、效益化的有效组织形式。云南省腾冲市三家村于2021年9月成立了种植农民专业合作社，组织群众发展蔬菜、水果种植，在技术、信息、销售等方面统一管理，拓展农副产品销售产业链，使农副产品直销超市。合作社提高了组织化水平，增加了群众家庭收入。
Rural specialized cooperative is an effective economic organization to promote agricultural modernization and achieve bigger development scale and benefits. In September 2021, Sanjia Village, Tengchong City, southwestChina's Yunnan Province, established a specialized farmer cooperative to organize the masses to develop vegetable and fruit planting. Related technology, information and sales are managed in a unified manner, while the sales chain of agricultural and sidelines products is expanded with direct supply at supermarkets. Cooperatives have improved the management level of organization and increased people's family income.
社会组织作为充满活力和创造力的非官方组织，在构建新时代乡村治理体系方面发挥着不可忽视的作用。上海市崇明区协进村引进公益社会组织推动村居发展，设立手工编织项目，帮助无收入的留守妇女增加就业技能。鼓励和引导行业协会、基金会、各类志愿组织等社会组织广泛参与，不仅可以为乡村事业发展提供专业人才支撑，同时还可以在资金、物质、技术等方面提供重要保障。
As dynamic and creative unofficial organizations, social organizations play an important role in the construction of rural governance system in the new era. Xujin Village, Chongming District, east China's Shanghai has introduced public welfare social organizations to promote the development of villagers, and set up hand-woven projects to help unemployed women without income increase their employment skills. Encouraging and guiding the extensive participation of industry associations, foundations, voluntary organizations and other social organizations will not only provide professional support for the development of rural undertakings, but also provide important financial, material and technological support.
村民自治组织中，村民委员会作为村民自我管理、自我教育、自我服务的基层组织，是乡村组织振兴必不可少的重要力量。1980年，在广西池河市合寨村村民以无记名投票方式诞生了新中国第一个村民委员会，如今，合寨村由村民投票选出养蚕、水产养殖等新产业，由村委会建设基地统一管理，以承包的形式给村民分红；村集体资金经讨论、公示被用于道路硬化和产业再发展。
Among the villagers'self-governing organizations, the villagers committee, as a grass-roots organization for villagers'self-management, self-education and self-service, is an indispensable and important force for the revitalization of rural organizations. In 1980, the villagers of Hezhai Village, Chihe City, south China's Guangxi Province, established the first villagers committee in the PRC by secret ballot. Now, the villagers of Hezhai Village have voted for developing new industries such as sericulture and aquaculture. The village committee has built bases, taken care of their development and paid dividends to the villagers via contract. Village collective funds are used for road hardening and industrial redevelopment after open discussion and public disclosure.
农村基层党组织、农村专业合作经济组织、社会组织和村民自治组织四大主体协调发展，走中国特色社会主义乡村振兴道路。以组织振兴作为“引擎”助力乡村振兴提速，乡村振兴的路越走越宽，发展的速度越来越快，最终发展成果将更多、更公平惠及广大农民。
Rural grassroots CPC organizations, rural specialized cooperatives, social organizations, and villagers self-governing organizations are developing in a coordinated manner on the socialist path of rural revitalization with Chinese characteristics. Facilitating organizations work as engines to accelerate rural revitalization. The path of rural revitalization is getting wider and the speed of development is getting faster. In the end, the fruits of development will bring more benefits to farmers in a more equitable way.
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