峰・地・海・极——“十四五”中国自然资源科技硬核突破
Exploring peaks, depths, seas, and poles, China notches concrete progress in natural resources technologies during 2021-2025
从世界之巅的雪域苍穹，到广袤国土的生态肌理；从万米深海的幽暗静谧，到南北两极的冰封辽阔。“十四五”期间，中国自然资源科技以无畏的探索精神，构建起“上天入地、登峰下海”的全方位创新格局，为国家安全与高质量发展筑牢坚实的屏障。
Traces of China's sci-tech exploration could be found on the snow-capped world's highest peaks, the underlying ecological texture of the vast land, the dark tranquility of the deep ocean, and the icy expanse of the North and South Poles. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China's natural resources sci-techteams, with their fearless spirit of exploration, have built an all-dimensional innovation framework of “reaching for the sky, delving into the earth, scaling peaks, and venturing into the seas,” laying a solid foundation for national security and high-quality development.
世界之巅，历来是测绘技术的试金石。当中国国产装备的身影第一次完整屹立于珠穆朗玛峰顶端，当高精度数据通过卫星实时传回，中国自主测绘技术的成熟度，在8848.86米的高度上给出了答案。不只是珠穆朗玛峰的单点突破，基于北斗的“全国卫星导航定位基准站一张网”，织就了陆海空天一体化的国家测绘基准体系。厘米级的精准定位，如同为各行各业装上了“智慧眼睛”，让每一次航行都方向明确，每一次作业都精准高效。
The world's highest peaks have always been a touchstone for surveying and mapping technology. When Chinese domestic equipment stood fully atop Mount Qomolangma for the first time, and when high-precision data was transmitted in real time via satellites, the maturity of China's independent surveying and mapping technology was proven at an altitude of 8848.86 meters. Beyond this single breakthrough at Mount Qomolangma, the national satellite navigation and positioning reference station network based on the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System has woven an integrated national surveying and mapping benchmark system covering land, sea, air, and space. Centimeter-level precise positioning, like equipping all walks of life with “intelligent eyes,” ensures every voyage has a clear direction and every operation is efficient and accurate.
如果说太空是向上的探索，那么深地则是向下的追问。在中国塔里木盆地，一口名为“深地塔科1井”的超万米科探井，以10910米的垂深，成为亚洲第一、世界第二的垂深井。钻杆完整钻穿了塔里木盆地13个地层，钻头最终抵达5亿年前的古老岩石，为研究塔里木盆地演化与油气成藏提供珍贵原始资料。
If outer space represents upward exploration, then deep earth exploration is a downward quest for answers. In China's Tarim Basin, an ultra-deep borehole named “Shenditake 1” has reached a vertical depth of 10,910 meters, ranking as Asia's deepest and the world's second deepest vertical well. The drill pipe has completely penetrated 13 strata of the Tarim Basin, with the drill bit ultimately reaching 500-million-year-old ancient rocks, providing precious original data for studying the evolution of the Tarim Basin and hydrocarbon accumulation.
在辽阔的海面，中国自主设计建造的首艘大洋钻探船“梦想”号，正承载着人类钻穿地壳、抵达上地幔的梦想劈波斩浪。这艘深海巨轮具备11000米的海域钻探能力，搭载着目前全球面积最大、功能最全、流程最优的船载实验室，未来将在可燃冰、海底氢气、稀土、多金属结核等资源勘探中发挥关键作用。
On the vast sea surface, China's independently designed and built first ocean drilling vessel, the Meng Xiang, is riding the waves, carrying humanity's dream of drilling through the earth's crust to reach the upper mantle. This deep-sea giant boasts a marine drilling capacity of 11,000 meters and is equipped with the world's largest, most functional, and most optimized on-board laboratory. In the future, it will play a key role in the exploration of resources such as combustible ice, seabed hydrogen, rare earths, and polymetallic nodules.
在冰封的极地，中国进行了第15次北冰洋科学考察。依托中国自主设计建造的国际首艘具有破冰能力的载人深潜作业母船“探索三号”，搭载“奋斗者”号载人潜水器，科考队在北冰洋完成了43个潜次作业任务。而在“雪龙2”号破冰引航下，母船“深海一号”携“蛟龙”号也完成了中国首次北极下潜，并与“奋斗者”号在北极深海实现联合作业，创新了双载人潜水器的协同模式。科考队员带回的每一份水体、沉积物、岩石与生物样品，记录的每一组观测数据，都在为揭示北极气候变化规律，守护极地生态安全提供中国方案。
In the icy polar regions, China conducted its 15th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition. Relying on China's independently designed and built world's first ice-breaking manned deep-sea submersible support vessel, Tan Suo San Hao (Exploration No. 3), which carries the “Fendouzhe” (Striver) manned submersible, the expedition team completed 43 diving operations in the Arctic Ocean. Meanwhile, under the ice-breaking guidance of the “Xuelong 2” (Snow Dragon 2), the mother ship “Shenhai 1” (Deep Sea 1) carrying the “Jiaolong” submersible also completed China's first Arctic dive, and achieved joint operations with the “Fendouzhe” in the deep Arctic Ocean, innovating the collaborative model of dual manned submersibles. Every water, sediment, rock, and biological sample brought back by the expedition team, and every set of observed data recorded, is providing Chinese solutions for revealing the laws of Arctic climate change and safeguarding polar ecological security.
自然资源“调查勘查、开发利用、循环再生、空间治理、数智赋能”的全链条都需要科技支撑。峰、地、海、极，“十四五”期间的自然资源科技突破，是一次次探索未知的勇敢尝试，是一份份守护家国的责任担当，更是中国科学家为开展国际海洋合作，认识、开发和保护地球家园交出的实践答卷。
The entire chain of natural resources-- including survey and exploration, development and utilization, recycling, spatial governance, and digital intelligence empowerment -- requires scientific and technological support. Exploring peaks, depths, seas, and poles, the technological breakthroughs in natural resources during the 14th Five-Year Plan period are bold attempts to explore the unknown, a responsibility to protect the motherland, and a practical answer from Chinese scientists to carry out international marine cooperation and understand, develop, and protect the Earth.
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